Tier 2 network
The topic of Tier 2 network has been of great interest and debate in contemporary society. From its origins to the present, Tier 2 network has played a fundamental role in various aspects of life, influencing culture, economics, politics and interpersonal relationships. Over time, Tier 2 network has evolved and adapted to the changes and challenges of the modern world, creating new opportunities and challenges for individuals and communities. In this article, we will explore the importance and impact of Tier 2 network in our world today, analyzing its implications and possible future perspectives.
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A Tier 2 network is an Internet service provider which engages in the practice of peering with other networks, but which also purchases IP transit to reach some portion of the Internet.
Tier 2 providers are the most common Internet service providers, as it is much easier to purchase transit from a Tier 1 network than to peer with them and attempt to become a Tier 1 carrier.
The term Tier 3 is sometimes also used to describe networks who solely purchase IP transit from other networks to reach the Internet.
List of large or important Tier 2 networks
| Name | AS Number | August 2021 degree | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hurricane Electric | 6939 | 9243 | IPv4: Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299. IPv6: Does not provide IPv6 routing/connectivity to Cogent/AS174. |
| Telkom Indonesia International | 7713 | 551 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762, Tata Communications/AS6453, Singtel/AS7473. |
| RETN | 9002 | 1446 | Purchases transit from Level 3/AS3356. |
| next layer | 1764 | 987 | Purchases transit from Level 3/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914, GTT/AS3257. |
| meerfarbig | 34549 | 688 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, Global Telecom & Technology (GTT) |
| Korea Telecom | 4766 | 578 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, Cogent/AS174, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762. |
| HGC Global | 9304 | 637 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762, Tata Communications/AS6453. |
| Fibrenoire | 22652 | 127 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, Cogent/AS174, Tata Communications/AS6453, GTT/AS3257. |
| SK broadband | 9318 | 537 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914, Tata Communications/AS6453, PCCW Global/AS3491, Verizon/AS701. |
| TDC | 3292 | 191 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299. |
| Internet Initiative Japan | 2497 | 329 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Verizon/AS701, NTT America/AS2914. |
| Vodafone (formerly Cable and Wireless) | 1273 | 303 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299. |
| KDDI | 2516 | 308 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, Verizon/AS701, Global Telecom & Technology (GTT)/AS3257. |
| PT Mora Telematika Indonesia | 23947 | 243 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, Global Telecom & Technology (GTT)/AS3257, Hurricane Electric/AS6939. |
| China Telecom | 4134/4809 | 318 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, Verizon/AS701, Level3/AS3356. |
| China Unicom | 4837 | 310 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, Verizon/AS701,Sprint/AS1239, Level3/AS3356, Orange S.A./AS5511. |
| Chunghwa Telecom | 3462 | 364 | Purchases transit from Tata Communications/AS6453. |
| British Telecom | 5400 | 151 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914. |
| Comcast | 7922 | 192 | Purchases transit from Tata Communications/AS6453, NTT America/AS2914. |
| Tele2 (formerly SWIPNet) | 1257 | 167 | Purchases transit from Sprint/AS1239, Cogent/AS174. |
| KCOM Group | 12390 | 69 | Purchases transit from KPN/AS286, Level 3/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914. |
| Spirit Communications | 2711 | 82 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914. |
| Stealth Communications | 8002 | 47 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914. |
| Internap | 14744 | 33 | Purchases transit from Cogent/AS174, NTT America/AS2914, Verizon/AS701. |
| FiberRing | 38930 | 35 | Purchases transit from NTT America/AS2914, Arelion/AS1299, Tata Communications/AS6453, Cogent/AS174. |
| Core-Backbone GmbH | 33891 | 1311 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299. |
| Fiber Telecom | 41327 | 2145 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, GTT/AS3257, Telecom Italia Sparkle/AS6762, Arelion/AS1299. |
| Singtel | 7473 | 359 | Purchases transit from Arelion/AS1299, Zayo/AS6461, Tata Communications/AS6453 and PCCW Global/AS3491. |
| SG.GS | 24482 | 417 | Purchases IP transit from NTT America/AS2914, Cogent/AS174 and Tata Communications/AS6453. |
| Turk Telekom International (d/b/a Euroweb.ro) |
9121/6663 | 250 | Purchases IP transit from Level3/AS3356, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914, Deutsche Telekom Global Carrier/AS3320, China Telecom/AS4134&AS4809. |
| EdgeUno | 7195 | 758 | Purchases transit from Level3/AS3356, Cogent/AS174, Arelion/AS1299, NTT America/AS2914. |
See also
References
- ^ Norton, William B. "What is a Tier 2 ISP?". DrPeering. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "AS Rank: A ranking of the largest Autonomous Systems (AS) in the Internet". asrank.caida.org.
- ^ Visualizing Internet Topology at a Macroscopic Scale April 2005
- ^ "CAIDA AS Rank". 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2015-07-29.
- ^ "Cogent - Google - HE Fun". 2016-03-09.
