Tarsius

In today's world, Tarsius plays a crucial role in our society. From its impact on the economy to its influence on popular culture, Tarsius has been the subject of constant debate and analysis. In this article, we will explore the various facets of Tarsius and its relevance in our daily lives. From its origins to its current evolution, we will examine how Tarsius has shaped the world we know. Additionally, we will consider its future implications and how it could continue to transform our society for decades to come.

Genus of primates

Tarsius Temporal range: 48.6–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Eocene to recent
Gursky's spectral tarsier
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Family:	Tarsiidae
Genus:	Tarsius Storr, 1780
Type species
Lemur tarsier Erxleben, 1777
Species
T. dentatus T. lariang T. niemitzi T. pelengensis T. pumilus T. sangirensis T. tarsier T. tumpara T. wallacei T. fuscus T. spectrumgurskyae T. supriatnai †T. eocaenus †T. sirindhornae
Distribution and range of Tarsius supriatnai and other tarsier species in Sulawesi, Indonesia:   Tarsius dentatus   Tarsius wallacei   Tarsius lariang   Tarsius fuscus   Tarsius pumilus   Tarsius pelengensis   Tarsius spectrumgurskyae   Tarsius supriatnai   Tarsius niemitzi

Tarsius is a genus of tarsiers, small primates native to islands of Southeast Asia. Until 2010, all tarsier species were typically assigned to this genus, but a revision of the family Tarsiidae restored the generic status of Cephalopachus and created a new genus Carlito.

All members of Tarsius are found on Sulawesi, while Cephalopachus is found on Sundaland and Carlito in Greater Mindanao.

Species

Genus Tarsius – Storr, 1780 – twelve species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dian's tarsier	T. dentatus Miller & Hollister, 1921	Central Sulawesi, Indonesia	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–28 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates	VU  Unknown
Gursky's spectral tarsier	T. spectrumgurskyae Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017	Northeastern Sulawesi (in purple)	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates	VU  Unknown
Jatna's tarsier	T. supriatnai Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017	Northern Sulawesi (in gray)	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates	VU  Unknown
Lariang tarsier	T. lariang Groves & Merker, 2006	Central Sulawesi	Size: About 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates	DD  Unknown
Makassar tarsier	T. fuscus Fischer von Waldheim, 1804	Southern Sulawesi (in yellow)	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest and caves Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates	VU  Unknown
Niemitz's tarsier	T. niemitzi Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto, Mittermeier, Salim & Springer, 2019	Northern Sulawesi (circled in black)	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates	EN  10,000–20,000
Peleng tarsier	T. pelengensis Sody, 1949	Eastern Sulawesi	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 25–27 cm (10–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as frogs, lizards, and other small vertebrates	EN  Unknown
Pygmy tarsier	T. pumilus Miller, Hollister, 1921	Central Sulawesi	Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates	EN  Unknown
Sangihe tarsier	T. sangirensis Meyer, 1897	Sangir Island, southeastern Philippines	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands Diet: Insects, as well as birds, lizards, and other small vertebrates	EN  Unknown
Siau Island tarsier	T. tumpara Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna, 2008	Siau Island, north of Sulawesi	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus about 20 cm (8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Arthropods, as well as small vertebrates	CR  Unknown
Spectral tarsier	T. tarsier (Erxleben, 1777)	Sulawesi	Size: 9–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as lizards, bats, and other small vertebrates	VU  Unknown
Wallace's tarsier	T. wallacei Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle, 2010	Northern Sulawesi (in orange)	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates	VU  Unknown

As of 2018, Fossilworks also recognizes the following additional extinct species:

• †Tarsius eocaenus Beard et al., 1994
• †Tarsius sirindhornae Chaimanee et al., 2011

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Groves, C.; Shekelle, M. (2010). "The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (6): 1071–1082. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1. S2CID 21220811.
2. ^ ^{a b} Yang, Liubin (2007). "Tarsius dentatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
3. ^ Supriatna, p. 49
4. ^ ^{a b} Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius dentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21489A17977790. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21489A17977790.en.
5. ^ ^{a b} Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation. 31: 61–69.
6. ^ ^{a b c} Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius spectrumgurskyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336422A162336580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336422A162336580.en.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Shekelle, M. (2022) . "Tarsius supriatnai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336881A220971513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336881A220971513.en.
8. ^ Supriatna, p. 45
9. ^ ^{a b c} Shekelle, M; Salim, M.; Merker, S. (2020). "Tarsius lariang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136319A17978130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136319A17978130.en.
10. ^ ^{a b} Supriatna, pp. 40–41
11. ^ ^{a b} Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369593A162369616. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369593A162369616.en.
12. ^ Shekelle, M.; Groves, C. P.; Maryanto, I/; Mittermeier, R. A.; Salim, A/; Springer, M/ S. (2019). "A new tarsier species from the Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi". Primate Conservation. 33: 1–9. S2CID 204801433.
13. ^ ^{a b c} Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius niemitzi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162337005A171341769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162337005A171341769.en.
14. ^ Supriatna, p. 53
15. ^ ^{a b c} Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius pelengensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21494A17977515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21494A17977515.en.
16. ^ ^{a b} Ford, Trevor (2011). "Tarsius pumilus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
17. ^ Supriatna, pp. 42–43
18. ^ ^{a b} Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius pumilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21490A17977980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21490A17977980.en.
19. ^ ^{a b} Minich, Miriam (2017). "Tarsius sangirensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
20. ^ ^{a b} Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21493A17977351. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21493A17977351.en.
21. ^ Downey, Kathleen (March 2019). "Siau Island Tarsier, Tarsius tumpara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
22. ^ ^{a b c} Shekelle, M; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en.
23. ^ ^{a b} Mogk, Kenzie (2012). "Tarsius tarsier". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
24. ^ ^{a b} Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius tarsier". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162369551A17978304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369551A17978304.en.
25. ^ ^{a b} Supriatna, pp. 47–48
26. ^ ^{a b} Merker, S.; Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius wallacei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T195277A17977659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T195277A17977659.en.
27. ^ "Tarsius Storr 1780 (tarsier)". Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
28. ^ Beard, K. Christopher; Qi, Tao; Dawson, Mary R.; Wang, Banyue; Li, Chuankuei (1994). "A diverse new primate fauna from middle Eocene fissure-fillings in southeastern China". Nature. 368 (6472): 607. Bibcode:1994Natur.368..604B. doi:10.1038/368604a0. PMID 8145845. S2CID 2471330.
29. ^ Chaimanee, Y.; Lebrun, R.; Yamee, C.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2010). "A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric-morphometric method". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1714): 1956–1963. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2062. PMC 3107645. PMID 21123264.

Sources

• Groves, Colin P. (2005). Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
• Supriatna, Jatna (2022). Field Guide to the Primates of Indonesia. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-03-083206-3.

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